This article examines one’s options when receiving a work bonus or other financial windfalls.

While many of us have been conditioned to expect a regular bonus from work or some other gift of money, either from living relatives or through an estate, there is still a big thrill when circumstances drop a big pile of money into your life.

In 2024, the average work bonus was roughly 2.8 percent of the worker’s annual salary, across all industries. What would you do with yours? While there’s nothing wrong with having a little fun, you may have some goals that need attention, too.1

Let’s examine your choices for your windfall.

Thinking About the Future

• Review Your Accounts — Reviewing your contributions to your personal or workplace retirement accounts is one way to prepare for the future.
• Invest — Perhaps it might be time to consider some sort of investment. We can discuss your options.
• Emergency Fund — If you don’t have one, now’s a great time to start it. If you do have one, it might be time to review.

Debt

It casts a long shadow, so it’s always nice to get a bit of sunshine instead.

• Consider Paying it Down or Off — Using your windfall to pay off any high-interest debts. The average interest rate for credit cards is somewhere around 20 percent.2

Family

If you’re raising kids, you know some things are coming up, either college or something else.

• College Plans — If saving for your child’s college education is a top priority, you may want to use part of the windfall.
• Saving and Investing — Remember that the future for your loved ones goes well beyond immediate concerns. If your priority is your family, look at the “Thinking About the Future” section again in that light.

Saving for Big Purchases

You might have a big purchase in mind. We can discuss any of them, whether they are listed here or not.

• Down Payment on a Home — Many people’s goals include home ownership. If you want to buy a home or are already well on that path, your bonus could get you on that goal.
• Vacation — You know you have one in mind! It’s the vacation to end all vacations, whether it requires a giant jet or a private yacht. Talk to me about how we can start a place to set aside money for this goal.

A windfall provides an opportunity to work toward one of your goals. I look forward to speaking with you and answering your questions about any of the options above.

1. Northwestern Mutual, February 14, 2025
2. Bankrate, August 5, 2025
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG, LLC, is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

It’s important to understand how inflation is reported and how it can affect investments.

“If the current annual inflation rate is less than 3 percent, why do my bills seem like they’re 10 percent higher than last year?”1

Many of us ask ourselves that question, and it illustrates the importance of understanding how inflation is reported and how it can affect investments.

What Is Inflation?

Inflation is defined as an upward movement in the average level of prices. Each month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases a report called the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to track these fluctuations. It was developed from detailed expenditure information provided by families and individuals on purchases made in the following categories: food and beverages, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education and communication, and other groups and services.2

How Applicable Is the CPI?

While it’s the commonly used indicator of inflation, the CPI has come under scrutiny. For example, the CPI rose 2.4 percent for the 12 months ending in September 2024. However, a closer look at the report shows movement in prices on a more detailed level. Transportation services prices, for example, rose 8.5 percent during those 12 months. CPI is a basket of goods, and your basket of goods may not reflect the basket of goods represented by the CPI.1

Are Investments Affected by Inflation?

They sure are. As inflation rises and falls, three notable effects are observed.

First, inflation reduces the real rate of return on investments. So, if an investment earned 6 percent for a 12-month period and inflation averaged 1.5 percent over that time, the investment’s real rate of return would have been 4.5 percent. If taxes are considered, the real rate of return may be reduced even further.3

Second, inflation puts purchasing power at risk. When prices rise, a fixed amount of money has the power to purchase fewer and fewer goods.

Third, inflation can influence the actions of the Federal Reserve. If the Fed wants to control inflation, it has various methods for reducing the amount of money in circulation. Hypothetically, a smaller supply of money would lead to less spending, which may lead to lower prices and lower inflation.

Empower Yourself with a Trusted Professional

When inflation is low, it’s easy to overlook how rising prices are affecting a household budget. On the other hand, when inflation is high, it may be tempting to make more sweeping changes in response to increasing prices. The best approach may be to reach out to your financial professional to help you develop a sound investment strategy that takes both possible scenarios into account.

1. USInflationCalculator.com, 2025. As of August 2025.
2. BLS.gov, 2025
3. This is a hypothetical example used for illustrative purposes only. It is not representative of any specific investment or combination of investments. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

Financial Planning Industry: Selecting an Advisor

“Life is Change, Growth is Optional”

I heard that book title the other day, and even though I haven’t read the book, I found myself considering the title in relation to my profession. As in the case of life itself, there exists a lot of change in the financial world. My job as an advisor is to stay informed and help my clients navigate their options. However, despite consistent advances in technology and an ever-changing landscape of regulations, I make sure three things remain constant for my clients — our relationship, our collaboration toward growing their wealth, and always being a good steward of their money.

I am reminded of the value financial advising offers and the critical impact we have to help shape future lives of our clients and their families in profound ways. Because of that, I cannot emphasize enough the importance of finding the right financial advisor for your own needs.

The first thing to consider when you’re looking for the right advisor is what information you are seeking and how it will impact your decisions now and for the future:

  • Is the advisor a Fiduciary? “Fiduciary” means an advisor pledges to act in the client’s best interests at all times. Any designation of Certified Financial Planner, Registered Investment Advisor or Investment Registered Advisor has fiduciary standards that must be upheld.
  • Does the advisor have a clean record? Do some research through FINRA Broker Check https://brokercheck.finra.org/ and SEC Action Lookup https://www.sec.gov/litigations/sec-action-look-up. Check for criminal convictions or investigations by any regulatory bodies or investment industry groups.
  • What is their fee structure or how do they get compensated for their work? Typically, there are commissions and fees included for advisory work, which can be charged as a percentage of assets or at an hourly rate. There is currently a big push for fee-only advisors as the fiduciary standard. However, the industry has been changing, and some options (such as insurance products) are only available on commission, so blended structures and hourly options might be worth considering.
  • What are services I can expect to receive? It is important for you to have the right expectations for what your advisor will provide other than just investment guidance and how/how often that will be delivered.
  • What is the investment strategy? You need clarity on how your advisor makes decisions. Ask if they have a process, access to resources or a team, and evaluate if these align with your values.
  • Why are they a financial advisor? Hearing how your advisor came to be in their position will help you better understand the person you’ll be trusting and why they have a passion for the work they do.

For me, being a financial advisor is an honor, and to be able to serve others with their wealth and prosperity is something that fills me with joy. I wish for you to find a great financial partner in your journey of navigating all of life’s changes. May it be filled with abundance and prosperity.

Kendra Erkamaa
Securities and Advisory Services offered through Harbour Investments, Inc.

A look at what you need to think about when buying a home.

When people talk about the American Dream and what it means to them, buying a house is often near the top of the list. However, the care and responsibilities of owning a home can sometimes be overlooked: You’re not only buying the house but also committing to a new roof every couple of decades, keeping the electrical and plumbing systems in good repair, and replacing the water heater. You may need to take care of landscaping or lawn maintenance, as well. It can quickly become a considerable to-do list! And, this list only becomes more complicated when you’re thinking about a second home.

But before we get ahead of ourselves, here are a few things to think about:

The Money

Whether you’re financially ready or just starting out, most questions about home ownership come down to money. Have you saved enough for a down payment? Can your budget accommodate a monthly mortgage? Is your income seasonal or steady? How’s your credit history? These questions all relate to your ability to “thread” that financial needle and make the purchase happen.

  • Did you know that 74 percent of all buyers financed their home purchases in 2024? This is a decline from 80 percent in the previous year.1
  • First-time buyers were more likely to secure financing, with 91 percent doing so compared to 69 percent of repeat buyers. A record-high 26 percent of homebuyers paid in cash in 2024.1
  • Among recent buyers, 49 percent used their savings to fund their home purchases, down from 54 percent in 2024. For first-time buyers, savings were the most common source at 69 percent. In contrast, 25 percent used a gift or loan from a relative or friend for their down payment. Interestingly, 52 percent of first-time buyers opted for a conventional loan whereas 29 percent chose an Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loan, and 9 percent used a Veteran Affairs (VA) loan.1
  • Buyers continue to view purchasing a home as a wise financial decision, with 79 percent believing it to be a good investment, and 39 percent of those believing it was better than other investments.1

The Time

People rent for many reasons. Some may not have the money to buy a home, while others might view home ownership as a hassle. The responsibilities of home ownership are considerable, after all, regardless of location. Ultimately, it’s a personal question of, “How much time and energy do I want to spend?”

  • Did you know that the median age of first-time homebuyers increased to 38 years old, up from 35 years of age in the previous year? Meanwhile, the typical age of repeat buyers rose to 61 years young, up from 58.1
  • Among recent buyers, 62 percent were married couples, 20 percent were single females, 8 percent were single males, and 6 percent were unmarried couples.1
  • Notably, 73 percent of recent buyers who did not have children under 18 in their homes represent the highest percentage recorded.1
  • Additionally, 17 percent of homebuyers purchased multigenerational homes for reasons such as cost savings (36 percent), caring for aging parents (25 percent), accommodating children or relatives over 18 returning home (21 percent), and housing children over 18 who never left (20 percent).1
  • Among recent buyers, 16 percent were veterans and 2 percent were active-duty service members.1
  • The primary motivation for purchasing a home was the desire for ownership, cited by 22 percent overall, but rising to 64 percent among first-time buyers.1

The Research

Some of the information a homebuyer may want to gather can be categorized as “money considerations.” You’ll want to ask yourself: Are you pre-qualified or pre-approved by a lender? Remember, pre-qualification doesn’t require as much information and is only based on estimates, while pre-approval is based on more detailed income verification. This may be important as it gives you a measure of what you are able to buy.

When applying for a loan, be certain to understand your options. For example, some may find down payment assistance programs and grants for households with low- to moderate-income attractive.

  • Did you know that 88 percent of home buyers used a real estate agent or broker?1
  • Meanwhile, 5 percent of buyers bought directly from a builder or their agent, and another 5 percent purchased straight from the previous owner.1
  • The primary reasons home buyers used an agent or broker were to find the right home (49 percent), and to negotiate the sale terms (14 percent).1

The Search

The actual house-hunting can begin once the research is out of the way. While this may be the most fun part of the process for many, it can be both exhilarating and exhausting! Since this is such a big commitment, it will help if you clearly understand what you need from your house. For example, are you bringing family members, or will there need to be room for family members to come? How big is the yard, and what do you want to do with it?

  • Did you know buyers spent a median of 10 weeks searching for a home in 2024, typically viewing seven homes, some exclusively online.1
  • Every home buyer utilized the Internet in their search, finding the most valuable information to be photos (41 percent), detailed property information (39 percent), and floor plans (31 percent).1
  • Additionally, 21 percent of buyers contacted a real estate agent as their initial move.1
  • Real estate agents played a pivotal role, with 86 percent of all buyers using their services, making it the most utilized source of information.1

Buying a home may be the largest purchase of your life. It’s a place where you and your loved ones can gather and enjoy your lives. I’m not a real estate expert, but I can speak to how a home fits into your overall personal finances. I encourage you to work closely with qualified professionals who can guide you through the process as you prepare to make one of the biggest purchases of your life.

1. National Association of Realtors, June 23, 2025.
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

How HSAs and FSAs might help your household.

With family health insurance premiums rising 297 percent since 2000, averaging over $25,000 annually, some employees feel the squeeze. Deductibles, too, have jumped nearly 50 percent over the last decade, further increasing out-of-pocket expenses. In this environment, understanding and using Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) and Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) can help families take more control of their healthcare finances.1

What Are HSAs and FSAs?

HSAs and FSAs are special accounts designed to help manage medical expenses.

If you have an HSA, you must also be enrolled in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP). You contribute to the account, and your employer can also choose to contribute. Funds roll over from year to year.

FSAs are usually employer-sponsored accounts. You contribute pretax dollars through payroll deductions. However, the funds must typically be used within the plan year unless your employer offers a grace period or limited rollover.

Both accounts allow you to use pretax dollars to pay for qualified medical expenses, such as copays, prescriptions, or over-the-counter medications. The one that may be best for you can depend on many factors.

Key Differences Between HSAs and FSAs

HSA FSA Chart

Contribution Limits:

For 2025, the IRS allows individuals to contribute up to $4,300 and families up to $8,550 to an HSA. People over 55 can contribute an extra $1,000 annually. The FSA has a contribution limit of $3,300 ($6,600 for households).2,3

Why These Accounts Matter More Than Ever

Rising premiums and deductibles mean Americans are shouldering more health care costs than ever. Since 2000, workers’ out-of-pocket costs for health insurance have nearly quadrupled. Today, it takes over five weeks of full-time work to pay the employee share of premiums, and this is before a single doctor’s visit. Moreover, deductibles for families can exceed $3,700.1

Employers are also increasingly shifting healthcare costs to workers through narrower provider networks, more prior authorizations, and tiered drug pricing systems. That’s where HSAs and FSAs come in. By allowing workers to set aside pretax money, these accounts help manage healthcare costs and create a strategy for expected and unexpected expenses.

Remember that if you spend your HSA funds for non-qualified expenses before age 65, you may be required to pay ordinary income tax and a 20 percent penalty. After age 65, non-qualified expenses are taxed as ordinary income taxes on HSA funds, and no penalty applies. HSA contributions are exempt from federal income tax but not from state taxes in certain states.

Real-Life Scenarios Where HSAs and FSAs Help

  • Having a Baby: New parents can face an increase in health-related costs, ranging from prenatal care and delivery to postnatal checkups and baby essentials. An FSA can help cover many of these expenses with pretax funds, whereas an HSA can carry over unused funds for future pediatric visits.
  • Job Change: Moving to a high-deductible plan may make you eligible for and your HSA funds remain yours even if you switch employers or retire, making it a flexible long-term tool.
  • Chronic Illness Diagnosis: Copays, prescriptions, and specialist visits add up quickly. An HSA or FSA can manage the blow, and an HSA with investment options that are available with some plans.
  • Caring for Aging Parents: From prescriptions to home health aides, caregiving costs can be significant. FSAs can help cover some expenses, and for those with HDHPs, an HSA provides a long-term strategy for health-related caregiving costs.

Other HSA/FSA Tips

  • Use online calculators to see what might work for you.
  • Prepare for known medical expenses to use funds strategically.
  • Monitor your balances online and review your list of eligible expenses.
  • If you have an HSA, see if there is an investment option associated with the account.

Remember: during any qualifying life event, like marriage, a new child, or a job change, review your options because these events may allow you to enroll in or adjust your benefits outside Open Enrollment.

Final Thoughts

Understanding how HSAs and FSAs work and using them effectively can make a meaningful difference during life’s most important transitions.

If you haven’t explored these options, now may be the time to start.

1. MoneyGeek, April 29, 2025.
2. Kaiser Permanente, June 2, 2025.
3. IRS, May 29, 2025.

The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

Over time, different investments’ performances can shift a portfolio’s intent and risk profile. Rebalancing may be critical.

Everyone loves a winner. If an investment is successful, most people naturally want to stick with it. But is that the best approach?

It may sound counterintuitive, but it may be possible to have too much of a good thing. Over time, the performance of different investments can shift a portfolio’s intent – and its risk profile. It’s a phenomenon sometimes referred to as “risk creep,” and it happens when a portfolio has its risk profile shift over time.

When deciding how to allocate investments, many start by taking into account their time horizon, risk tolerance, and specific goals. Next, individual investments are selected that pursue the overall objective. If all the investments selected had the same return, that balance – that allocation – would remain steady for a period of time. But if the investments have varying returns over time, the portfolio may bear little resemblance to its original allocation.

How Rebalancing Works

Rebalancing is the process of restoring a portfolio to its original risk profile.1

There are two ways to rebalance a portfolio.

The first is to use new money. When adding money to a portfolio, allocate these new funds to those assets or asset classes that have fallen. For example, if bonds have fallen from 40% of a portfolio to 30%, consider purchasing enough bonds to return them to their original 40% allocation. Asset allocation and diversification are investment principles designed to manage risk. However, they do not guarantee against a loss.

The second way of rebalancing is to sell enough of the “winners” to buy more underperforming assets. Ironically, this type of rebalancing actually forces you to buy low and sell high.

Periodically rebalancing your portfolio to match your desired risk tolerance is a sound practice regardless of the market conditions. One approach is to set a specific time each year to schedule an appointment to review your portfolio and determine if adjustments are appropriate.

Shifting Allocation

Over time, market conditions can change the risk profile of an investment portfolio. For example, consider a hypothetical portfolio that was 50% invested in bonds, 10% in treasuries, and 40% in equity. Over the course of a few years, if the stock portion of the portfolio outperformed the other assets, the hypothetical portfolio may no longer reflect the initial allocation. An adjustment may be needed to reflect the original risk profile. Keep in mind that investing involves risks, and investment decisions should be based on your own goals, time horizon, and tolerance for risk. The return and principal value of investments will fluctuate as market conditions change. When sold, investments may be worth more or less than their original cost. This is a hypothetical example used for illustrative purposes only. It is not representative of any specific investment or combination of investments.

1. FINRA.org, 2023
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.
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